B8 Oil Field
a marine natural gas and oil field located about 68 km northeast of Rozewie. It is being prepared for mining operations that are to begin in 2008.

Barrel
a primary unit of measurement used in crude oil production. One barrel contains 159 litres. 

Base oil
unrefined oil, without improvers, obtained in the processing of crude oil. It represents the base raw material in the manufacture of lubricant oils.

Biocomponent
an additive used in fuel production made in biomass processing.

Biofuel
fuel manufactured by adding more than 5% biocomponents to gasoline or diesel oil. 

CD Process (Continuous Deglycerolization Process)
a manufacturing process of fatty acid methyl esters used at the plant located in Czechowice-Dziedzice.

CDU/VDU
a basic plant used for crude oil processing comprising a Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) and Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU).

CODO stations (company-owned, dealer-operated)
stations owned by LOTOS Paliwa, run by external firms.

Component for bitumen production
usually a heavy vacuum distillate fraction obtained from crude oil, which can be further processed at the plant for bitumen manufacture.

Crack
a refining margin.

DAO (De-Asphalted Oil)
oil produced with an SDA plant used as a raw material for further refining. It may be the basis for producing base oils or an input for a cracking process.

DODO stations (dealer-owned, dealer-operated)
stations that operate under the flag of the former Gdańsk Refinery on the basis of a patronage agreement. 

DOFO stations (dealer-owned, franchise-operated)
stations that operate under the LOTOS brand under a commercial partnership based on a long-term franchise agreement.

ETBE (Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether)
high-octane biocomponent used in gasoline production. It is manufactured in petrochemical complexes with ethanol and isobutylene.

Ethanol
ethyl alcohol used e.g. as a biocomponent for producing fuels and biofuels used in cars with ignition engines.

FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)
a biocomponent used to manufacture fuels and biofuels for diesel engine vehicles. FAME is manufactured by the transesterification of oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst.

Forties Blend
a type of crude oil from the North Sea. Fortis Blend is light petroleum with a low content of sulphur and a high potential in gasoline production.

HDS (Middle Distillates Hydrodesulphurization)
a system for the hydrodesulphurization of diesel oils.  

Heavy heating oil
an oily liquid representing a residue from the distillation of crude oil. Heavy heating oil finds its use in industrial installations of large manufacturing or processing facilities, as well as in combined power plants. It is also used as bunker fuel for ships.

HGU (Hydrogen Generation Unit)
a system for hydrogen production.

Hydrocracking
a refining process used to produce high quality fuel components during the reaction of vacuum distillates and hydrogen with a catalyst. Hydrocracking processes usually take place at very high pressure and provide components that are free of sulphur and contaminations.

Jet A1
aviation fuel for jet and turbine engines.

KAS (Amine&Sulphur Complex)
an amine&sulphur plant for purifying the refining gases of hydrogen sulphide and for the production of liquid sulphur.

Light heating oil
a product obtained in crude oil processing characterized by lower sulphur content and density than heavy heating oil. LHO is mainly used in household boiler rooms, in SMEs and institutions. It is also successfully used as the heating fuel in the boiler rooms of residential estates.

LPG
a liquefied gas, being a mixture of propane and butane, obtained in the processing of crude oil. Among its other applications, LPG is used as engine fuel or as fuel for household gas stoves.

Lubricant oil
a composition of base oil and improvers. The quantity, type and relative proportions of these components are decisive for the class of the oil manufactured. Their main task is to reduce friction between the surfaces of the movable parts of mechanical devices that touch each other and work together. Lubricant oils are used in the automotive industry and for industrial applications.

MHC (Hydrocracking)
a hydrocracking plant that operates in slightly milder conditions than a standard hydrocracking system.

Modified bitumen
bitumen characterized by improved quality parameters, thanks to the interaction between bitumen and an applied modifier.

MTBE (Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether)
a high-octane component used for gasoline production. Unlike ETBE, it is not a biocomponent.

National Index Aim
a minimum share of biocomponents in the total volume of liquid fuels and liquid biofuels used during a calendar year in transport, calculated according to the caloric value.

Natural gasoline gas
natural gas that contains, apart from methane and ethane, some quantities of heavier hydrocarbons.

Oil transesterification
a chemical reaction resulting in the formation of fatty acid methyl esters. The transesterification reaction of oils is a reaction of oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst.

Paraffin
a mixture of solid saturated hydrocarbons, separated from the fractions of crude oil. It is used, among others, to manufacture candles, floor polish and as an insulation material.

Plasticizers
plasticizing improvers added to polymer products. Grupa LOTOS manufactures hydrocarbon plasticizers for the rubber industry.

REBCO (Russian Export Blend Crude Oil)
a commercial name of Russian crude oil from the Ural.

REACH
Regulation of the European Parliament and the European Council concerning the safe application of chemicals through their registration and assessment and in some cases granting commercial permits and restrictions as regards the application.

ROSE (Heavy Vacuum Residue Processing)
a technology used at Gdańsk refinery in the SDA installation under construction.

SDA (Solvent Deasphalting)
an installation used to separate vacuum remnants after crude oil processing into lighter fractions, i.e. deasphalted oil (DAO) and heavier fractions, namely bitumen components.

Slack wax
a semi-product received in crude oil processing. It is used to produce wax.

Vacuum distillation
a process analogical to the process of atmospheric distillation, conducted, however, at a reduced ambient pressure. It uses a physical property, whereby the boiling point decreases as the ambient pressure is reduced. It makes it possible to separate vacuum distillates in the atmospheric residuals. Heavy remnants of the distillation process are so-called vacuum residuals.

Vacuum distillate
a fraction of hydrocarbons separated from a more complex mixture with distillation under a reduced atmospheric pressure. Vacuum distillates produced from crude oil are usually used to produce base oil, and also as input for cracking processes.